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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Botswana (2001)
Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Botswana (2001)
| Arctic Ocean (2001) | Botswana (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
40.3% (male 321,164; female 318,007) 15-64 years: 55.56% (male 423,954; female 457,227) 65 years and over: 4.14% (male 26,691; female 39,076) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | sorghum, corn, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock |
| Airports | - | 92 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
81 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 56 under 914 m: 22 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies |
total:
600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US | slightly smaller than Texas |
| Background | The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. | Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. |
| Birth rate | - | 28.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues:
$1.6 billion expenditures: $1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560 million (FY96) |
| Capital | - | Gaborone |
| Climate | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow | semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |
| Coastline | 45,389 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 |
| Country name | - | conventional long form:
Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland |
| Currency | - | pula (BWP) |
| Death rate | - | 24.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $455 million (2000) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission:
Ambassador John E. LANGE embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 356947 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | chief of mission:
Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164 |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $73 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. | Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $6,600 in 2000. Diamond mining has fueled much of Botswana's economic expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for three-fourths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. The government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 19%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 1.517 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 950 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 610 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point:
junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack | overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7% |
| Exchange rates | - | pulas per US dollar - 5.4585 (January 2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997), 3.3242 (1996) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3% |
| Exports | - | $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | - | diamonds 72%, vehicles, copper, nickel, meat (1998) |
| Exports - partners | - | EU 77%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 18%, Zimbabwe 3% (1998) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | - | light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
4% industry: 46% (including 36% mining) services: 50% (1998 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 6% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 90 00 N, 0 00 E | 22 00 S, 24 00 E |
| Geography - note | major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months | landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country |
| Highways | - | total:
18,482 km paved: 4,343 km unpaved: 14,139 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | - | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | - | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 76%, Europe 10%, South Korea 5% (1998) |
| Independence | - | 30 September 1966 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 6.2% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | - | diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 63.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 8.6% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 3 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | - | 20 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district) |
| Labor force | - | 235,000 formal sector employees (1995) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | 100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including 14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995 est.) |
| Land boundaries | - | total:
4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km |
| Land use | - | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 47% other: 6% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | - | English (official), Setswana |
| Legal system | - | based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%, other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
37.13 years male: 36.77 years female: 37.51 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.) |
| Location | body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle | Southern Africa, north of South Africa |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Africa |
| Maritime claims | - | none (landlocked) |
| Military branches | - | Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $61 million (FY99) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.2% (FY99) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
380,152 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
199,995 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
19,479 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 30 September (1966) |
| Nationality | - | noun:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) |
| Natural hazards | ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May | periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility |
| Natural resources | sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) | diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
note: main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | - | 1,586,119
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 47% (2000 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 0.47% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 237,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | total:
888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000) |
| Religions | - | indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment:
sparse system domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 86,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 0 (1997) |
| Terrain | central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) | predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest |
| Total fertility rate | - | 3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 40% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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